Expand and Decompress The Steam Discharge of The Boiler Astem Continuous / Periodical Sewage Discharge Expansion Container / Storage Tank

Constant spring Supports

Definations

HIGH PRECISION CONSTANT SPRING PIPE SUPPORTS /HANGERS IS DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURED  WITH THE  PRINCIPLES OF MECHANICS . IN THE RANGES OF LOAD AND TRAVEL, THE LOAD AND SPRING STRENGHT KEEP BALANCE. THEREFORE, HI-PRECISION CONSTANT SPRING PIPE SUPPORTS /HANGERS WILL APPLY TO STABLE AND CONSTANT POWER TO THE PIPING / EQUIPMENT SYSTEM, WITHOUT ADDTIONAL STRESS TO THE SYSTEM. IF LARGE LOAD TORLANCE HAPPENS,  IT WILL BE HARMFUL BY THE UNCONTROLABLE STRESS TO THE PIPING OR EQUIIPMENTS SYSTEM.  AND MORE DANGROUS ,THE CONNECTION COMPONENTS WILL BE OVERLOADED TO EXTREME LEVEL,THEN CAUSING THE WHOLE SYSTEM TO FAIL. THUS,IT IS ORGINAL AND ESSENTIAL REQUESTS THAT THE STABILITY AND SAFETY OF THE CONSTANT SPRING SUPPORTS /HANGERS.

HIGH PRECISION CONSTANCT SPPRING SUPPORTS /HANGERS IS USUALLY APPLIED AT DECREASING STRESS WORKPLACE, E.G.AT THE SUSPENSION COMPONENTS OF  PETROCHEMICAL FACILITIES, PIPING AND ELECTRICAL POWER BOILER, POWER STATION VAPOUR , HOT-WATER, AND CHIMNEY TUBE AND FURNACE ETC.

THE HI-PRECISION CONSTANT SUPPORTS /HANGERS IS SELECTED WHERE THE HEAT EXPENSION MOVE EXCEEDING 12 MM, IN ORDER TO ESCAPING THE BEND STRESS AND OTHERS HARMFUL STRESS MOVEMENT.

THE HI-PRECISION CONSTANT SUPPORTS /HANGERS ,LOAD RANGER IS 250 TO 40000 N (25.5 TO 40816KGS), TOTAL TRAVEL RANGER IS 0-600MM. IT'S SPECIAL AT ITS HIGH LOAD ACCURACY AND CONSTANTABILITY SMALLER THAN 4%.  SYMMETRY SHAPED, WITHOUT SIDE-SHIFT, VERTICAL INSTALLATION, SMALL SHELL-BODY, LIGHT-WEIGHT,SMALL -VOLUME,EASY-ADJUSTABLE

Application

CONSTANT SPRING SUPPORT AND HANGER ARE USED WHERE VERTICAL MOVEMENTS SHOULD BE RESTRICTED BY RIGID PIPE SUPPORT AND HANGERS AND WHERE SPRING SUPPORTS AND HANGERS CAN NOT BE USED DUE TO THE HIGH DEVIATION BETWEEN INSTALLATION LOAD AND OPERATING LOAD. CONSTANT SPRING SUPPORT AND HANGERS ARE ALSO USED WHERE NO GREAT SUPPORTING LOAD DEVIATIONS ARE ALLOWED IN ORDER TO AVOID ADDITIONAL LOADINGS OF THE COMPONENTS OR CRITICAL PIPE COMPONENTS.

Features

• CONSTANT LOAD THROUGHOUT THE FULL LOAD AND TRAVEL RANGE
• LOAD ADJUSTMENT BY LOAD ADJUSTMENT SCREW
• AT LEAST ± 15% LOAD ADJUSTABILITY WITHOUT CHANGER OF THE TOTAL TRAVEL.
• INDIVIDUAL CALIBRATION TO THE REQUESTED LOAD BY ELECTRONIC LOAD-TRAVEL RECORDER
• RECORDING OF THE TEST DATA
• HOT-COLD LOAD MARKING

VARIABLE SPRING SUPPORTS AND HANGERS
Definations

JK series variable force spring support hangers are mainly used for supporting important equipment and pipelines in the petrochemical and power industries. Applicable to workplaces with a load range of 0.28~217.38 KN, a displacement range of 0~120mm, a load change rate of no more than 25%, and an ambient temperature range of -20~200°C. It has the characteristics of compact structure and convenient installation.

Performance characteristics

1. Load and displacement range. Load range: 154KN displacement range oil species: 0-30mm, 0-60mm, 0-90mm, 0-120mm;
2. Temperature range of use: - 20 ~ 200ºC;
3. Spring hanger with the shell protection spring, from mechanical damage and environmental corrosion;
4. The spring support hanger is provided with load and displacement indicating plate, and the design position of cold and heat state is marked on the plate.

The choice of spring support hanger

1. Selection of spring specifications

According to the working load of the support and hanger, the displacement is the direction of displacement, and the spring number is selected according to Table 2.
If the pipe displacement direction is upward, the working load is generally checked from the middle line and the upper thick line in Table 2, and then the installation load is checked downward according to the displacement amount.
If the pipe displacement direction is downward, the working load is generally checked from the middle line and the upper thick line in Table 2, and then the installation load is checked upward according to the displacement amount.
When selecting, whether the pipe is up or down, the working load and installation load should be between the upper and lower thick lines in Table 2, and the load change rate should not exceed 25%.
Load change rate = {(working load - installation load) / working load} × 100% ≤ 25%
Where:
When the displacement is upward, the installation load = working load + displacement amount × spring stiffness; 
When the displacement is downward, the installation load = working load - displacement amount × spring stiffness.
Spring selection example:

1. The working load of a certain pipeline is 8225N, the displacement is upward when running, and the displacement is calculated to be 10mm. Try to select the spring.

1. Check Table 2 to determine the range of the hanger displacement is 0-60mm
2. In the centre line of the table 2 and the upper thick line, the working load of the hanger number 12 is 8223N.
3. With the 0-60mm scale value corresponding to 8225N, the installation is down to 10mm and the sum is 9721N.
4. Check the load change rate: {(8223-9721)/8225}×100%=18.2%<25%
5. Therefore, use a spring with a displacement range of 0-60mm and number 12

1. The working load of a pipeline is 2020N, the displacement is downward when running, and the displacement is calculated to be 40mm. Try the spring.

1. Check Table 2 to determine the range of the hanger displacement 0-60mm
2. In the centre line and the lower thick line of Table 1B, the working load of the hanger number 6 is 2018N, which is closest to 2020N.
3. With the 0-60mm scale value corresponding to 2018N, the installation load is 1480N up to 40mm.
4. Check the load change rate: {(2018-1480)/2018}×100%=26.7% > 25%
5. Therefore, the displacement range of the first gear is 0-90mm, and the installation load can also be calculated = 2018-40×8.967=1659N
6. Re-check the load change rate: {(2018-1659)/2018}×100%=17.8%<25%
7. Therefore, the spring with the displacement range of 0-90mm and number 6 is selected.

1. According to the space structure of each lifting point, the working requirements select the housing structure and model of the spring support hanger. Still the above example:

1. According to the pipeline arrangement, the installation type is A type, so the selected spring hanger is JK30A12.
2. According to the pipeline arrangement, the installation type is B type, so the selected spring hanger is JK90B6.

CONSTANT DISC-SPRING SUPPORTS AND HANGER



Definations

Constant disc spring Support series products are used to support various pipelines and equipments that generate thermal displacement during operation, to bear load, limit displacement, control vibration, etc., widely used in steam boilers of power station boilers and power plants. Hanging and supporting parts of smoke, wind and coal pipelines, and other places where oil and chemical equipment need to be suspended and supported, and have the characteristics of large load range, stable suspension, convenient installation and reliable operation.
Application
    1. Constant  disc spring supports are suitable for load range 500-400000N, displacement range 50-400mm, temperature range -20°~+200°.
     2. When the structure and application range of the constant  disc spring support are not in  the table, special order can be ordered.

Figure selection

   1. Constant  disc spring support  according to the provisions of GB/T17116.1-1997 "Pipe Support and Hanger Part 1- Technical Specifications", paragraph 5.4.1.8, the force of the constant disc spring support in the upper and lower The specified load constant (including friction) within one stroke range shall not exceed 6%. The specified load constancy shall be measured by a dedicated load test device and calculated as follows:
                   Load constancy = (P1max - P2min) ÷ (P1max + P2min) × 100% ≤ 6%
   2. Before the displacement is determined, the constant effort disc spring  shall calculate the maximum vertical displacement of the pipe or equipment from the cold status to the hot status, and leave a proper adjustment margin. The recommended margin is 20% of the calculated one, but not less than 20mm, and rounded according to the standard displacement value in Table 2.
fB selection = 1.2fB count and fB select ≥ fB count + 20
Where: fB selection = selection of displacement amount fB calculation = calculation of displacement
   3. The threaded hanger of the constant force disc spring hanger has considered the influence of the product's own weight. The calculation of the working load during design selection does not require the weight of the product.
   4. Selection demonstration:
For a refinery pipeline, the calculated displacement value is 165mm, the displacement is downward, and the calculation requires the hanger to withstand 33996N load. According to the installation requirements, the DH2 type test is used to select the constant force disc spring hanger type.
fB selection = 1.2 × 165mm = 198mm, taking the displacement of 200mm;
Check Table 2 to calculate a working load of 33996N similar to the standard load of 35500N, at this time the working load number is 75;
Therefore, the model number is: DH2075, 200↓/35500-M36
5. Select the appropriate model from Table 5 based on the calculated load and displacement values at the pipe support point. If the load and displacement values are outside the scope of this standard, please indicate when ordering.
     6. When the support hanger is installed, it is only necessary to adjust the basket nut when the load needs to be adjusted due to the deviation of the working load. When the load is adjusted in a large direction, the range of the displacement becomes small, and conversely, when the load is adjusted in a small direction, the range of the displacement becomes large.
     7, the choice of type, should consider the installation space and piping equipment layout required by the hanger itself and the overall layout requirements.
     DH1, DH2 and DH3 are respectively suspended by suspension, single-ear suspension and binaural suspension. The installation position is relatively flexible. The support and hanger body can be placed arbitrarily in the space of 360°. Type.
     The DH4 and DH5 models are respectively the lower adjustment shelving and the support shelving type, which are characterized in that the support and hanger body is installed reliably, but the corresponding double beam is required for support.


VARIABLE DISC -SPRING HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

Definations

it directly phrases to long-term, stable, safe and economic operating of whole industrial piping system. All the veried pipe supports applying at pressure pipings, holding the vertical loads and become more and more needed. During the past years experice of manufacturing and salement, adopted state-of-art technologies of the world,and with the hard-works of the employees, focusing on the problems during at the installation of piping  operations, we choose the best raw materials and fine-design, innovating, we research and devolope a mount of varied supports for different applications, the spotlight on is hi-effectative, energy-conservative heat insulated pipe supports , cold insulated pipe supports, low friction pipe supports. All the varied supports is depending on real requests, meeting the limit-stop, position-move,limit, guide, adjustment etc working functions.
Application:

1. Variable disc spring hanger and supports 

-load range at 375-560000N,
-travel range 0-60mm
-threaded rod dimension/size: M12-M110
-operating temperature: ≤-20ºC  through 200ºC
2. Structures and operations as showing at table 1
  Variable Disc Spring Hanger and Support structure
 
SPRING HANGERS AND SUPPORT TYPES
 

SADDLE PIPE SUPPORT 



CRYOGENIC SUPPORT ( COLD SHOE)


HOT INSULATED SUPPORTS

STRAINER



Strainers are mechanical devices to remove and retain foreign particles from liquids and protect equipment such as pumps, and compressors that would be damaged by solid particles. There are several type of strainers, including the Y, basket and duplex types. A critical element when sizing a strainers is the selecton of its screen mesh perforation size
Y STRAINER AND BASKET STRAINER
The most common types of strainers for pipelines are the so-callsed "Y strainer" and "Basket strainer"
Y Strainer
A Y-strainer has a y-shaped compact design and is used to capture foreign particles flowing through a pipeline. Y-strainers can be installed either horizontally or vertically, with the filtering element positioned towards the ground , and generate a pressure drop in the pipeline.

This type of strainer for pipeline needs to be cleaned often, to make sure that the filtering ability of the device is not jeopardized by the accumulation of debris. The pipeline can be kept in service, generally, when y-strainers need a cleanup.
Y-strainers sult high-pressure gas pipelines with a low concentration of foreign particles and debris, Indeed, Y-strainer have a lower capacity to store dirt than basket strainer of similar size


APPLICATIONS
Steam, water, oil or gas where protection from foreign matter in a pipeline is
required.

CONSTRUCTION
The Keckley Style A-7 strainers are constructed from rugged cast iron castings
that are machined to exacting specifications. These bodies have drilled flanges
that are in accordance with ASME B16.1.
FEATURES
The Keckley Style A-7 strainer features a machined groove in both the body
and cover for proper screen alignment and to ensure accurate reseating when
servicing is required. Style A-7 strainers are furnished with a synthetic fiber
that is compressed between the body and cover for maximum strength and
durability. Keckley Style A-7 strainers can be furnished with a blow-off plug
upon request.
SCREENS
Standard perforated 304 stainless steel screens are spot welded along the seam
for maximum strength. Different size perforations and meshes are available
in stainless steel, monel, and brass to meet specific media requirements. If the
media is not indicated, screens for water will be supplied.
SELF CLEANING
Self cleaning is accomplished by opening the valve or drain plug connected to
the blow-off port. Warning: See Maintenance Instructions on page S6 of the
Strainer Information Section for additional precautions and detailed information
on servicing the strainer
STYLE A-7
Y-Strainer, 125 lb, Flanged
Cast Iron (ASTM A 126, CLASS B)
STANDARD SCREENS SUPPLIED Standard screen supplied are for liquid service, unless otherwise specified.
Options: Other perforations, meshes, and screen materials are available.

BASKET STRAINER ( T-STRAINER)
A basket strainer features an upright and perforated basket that traps the foreign particies carried by the fluid conveyed by the pipeline.
A basket strainer can store bigger quantities of dirt and debris than y-strainers of the same size, due to the larger size of the filterring element, and is the preferred choice with pressure drops in the pipeline are not acceptable
T strainer shall be installed upright, and the top of the strainer can be removed for frequent cleaning (self-cleaning t-strainers are also available on the market)

DEAERATOR

Deaerator is one of the key equipments for boilers and heating systems. If the deaerator has poor oxygen removal capacity, it will cause serious damage to the corrosion of boiler water supply pipes, economizers and other ancillary equipment. The economic losses will be eliminated. The tens or hundreds of times of the oxygen cost, the Ministry of Electric Power has put forward some standards for the oxygen content of the deaerator, that is, the oxygen content of the atmospheric deaerator feed water should be less than 15 / L, the pressure deaerator water supply contains The amount of oxygen should be less than 7 ц / L.
Structural principle
The deaerator is mainly composed of two parts of the deaerator tower and the oxygen removal tank, as well as the nozzle and the external parts. The main component of the deaerator (deoxygenation tower) is the outer casing, the water separator, and the new membrane ejector. Tube), watering tweezers, heat storage filler liquid steam network and other components. The following introduces you to the structural principle of the deaerator towe

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Defination
A Heat Exchanger is a device built for efficient Heat Transfer from one medium to another. The medium may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, and natural gas processing. One common example of a Heat Exchanger is the radiator in a car, in which the heat source, being a hot engine-cooling fluid, water, transfers heat to air flowing through the radiator (i.e. the Heat Transfer medium).
Heat Exchangers come in so many shapes, sizes, makes, and models, they are categorized common characteristics. One common characteristic that can be used to categorize them is the direction of flow the two fluids have relative to each other.

Shell and tube Heat Exchangers have the ability to transfer large amounts of heat in relatively low cost, servicable designs. They can provide large amounts of effective tube surface while minimizing the requirements of floor space, liquid volume and weight.
Shell and tube exchangers are available in a wide range of sizes. They have been used in industry for over 150 years, so the thermal technologies and manufacturing methods are well defined and applied by modern competitive manufacturers.
Tube surfaces from standard to exotic metals with plain or enhanced surface characteristics are widely available. They can help provide the least costly mechanical design for the flows, liquids and temperatures involved.

Fixed Tube Sheet, 2-Pass Heat Exchanger
There are two distinct types of shell and tube Heat Exchangers, based in part on shell diameter. Designs from 2" to around 12" in shell diameter are available that feature shell constructions of low cost welded steel, brazed pipe with hub forgings, cast end Bonnets and copper tubing rolled or brazed to the tube sheet. Models of this type generally use1/4" and 3/8" tubing and are frequently 2 or 4 pass for general industrial use.
The other major type of shell and tube Heat Exchanger generally is seen in shell diameters from 10" to over 100". Commonly available steel pipe is generally used up to 24" in diameter.
Above 24", manufactures use rolled and welded steel plate, which is more costly and roundness can become an issue.
Heat Exchangers of this type are commonly manufactured to the standards set forth by TEMA, the Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association. TEMA, in cooperation with users and manufacturers, establishes a common set of guidelines for the construction methods, tolerances and practices to be employed. This allows industrial consumers to obtain more than one manufacturers offerings and know that they are generally of similar design and construction. Additionally, it allows manufactures to establish industry approved designs and offer state of the art equipment that help to assure competitiveness and overall product reliability.

Although there exists a wide variety of designs and materials available, there are components common to all designs. Tubes are mechanically attached to tube sheets, which are contained inside a shell with ports for inlet and outlet fluid or gas.
They are designed to prevent liquid flowing inside the tubes to mix with the fluid outside the tubes. Tube sheets can be fixed to the shell or allowed to expand and contract with thermal stresses by have one tube sheet float inside the shell or by using an expansion bellows in the shell. This design can also allow pulling the entire tube bundle assembly from the shell to clean the shell circuit of the exchanger.